54) Uma tese sobre a Velha Republica (de 1976)

Recebido em 19 de junho de 2006, no boletim da Brasa (Brazilian Studies Association):

Dissertation on Old Republic
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Dear Sir/Madam,

You may be interested in having access through your archives to a dissertation on the Old Republic of Brazil.

My late wife Olympia wrote it some years ago. My family has since had it carefully edited and translated into electronic form.

Historians who read it found it invaluable source but few have seen it; so we have converted it so that it can be assessed by academics working in the field.

The thesis file is archived at:
https://dspace.gla.ac.uk/handle/1905/293

warmest regards,

Dr Vincent Cable [Dr Hugo Cable]
hugocable@yahoo.co.uk


Eu downloadei e estou lendo. Trata-se de tese apresentada na Universidade de Glasglow em 1976, tratando dos processos eleitorais na República velha...

Este é o índice da tese:

BRAZILIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF THE FIRST REPUBLIC 1889-1930
by Olympia Cable
Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of Glasgow, 1976.

LIST OF CONTENTS

Dissertation Abstract, v
Acknowledgements, xiv
The States of Brazil 1889-1930, xv

PART I: A SURVEY OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM 1889-1930
Chapter One: The Political System of the Old Republic 1889-1930, 1-48

PART II: A DECADE OF IDEOLOGICAL STRIFE 1891-1898
Chapter Two: The Ideological Conflict. The Presidential Election of 1891 and 1894, 49-88
Chapter Three: The Radicals in Opposition to the Adesistas and the Moderate Republicans 1894-1898, 89-116

PART III: REGIONAL RIVALRY: THE PERIOD OF CONSENSUS IN PRESIDENTIAL POLITICS 1898-1906, 1918-1921
Chapter Four: Consolidation of the Republic. The Presidential Election of 1902, 117-138
Chapter Five: The Presidential Election of 1906: Interstate Rivalry and the Convention of Taubate, 139-157
Chapter Six: The Presidential Election of 1910: The Kindergarden-Bloco Conflict, Military Intervention and the Civilista Campaign, 158-205
Chapter Seven: The PRC – Salvationists Struggle for Political Ascendancy. The São Paulo-Minas Gerais Pact of Ouro Fino for Political Stability. The Elections of 1914 and 1913, 206-249
Chapter Eight: The Political Interlude. The Election of 1919, 250-271

PART IV: REGIONAL RIVALRY: THE IMPOSITION OF PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES
Chapter Nine: Again Regional Strife and Military Involvement in Presidential Politics. The Elections of 1922 and 1926, 272-320
Chapter Ten: The Election of 1930: The Minas-São Paulo Schism, the Aliança Liberal, Federal Intervention and Civil War, 321-383

Conclusion, 384-385
Bibliography, 386-394


E estas são as conclusões:

CONCLUSION
Despite the institution of a liberal democracy after 1889, the political system of the first Republic was more closed than that of the Empire. The existence of the poder moderador - moderating power - and its skilful use by Emperor Dom Pedro II had
enabled a two party system to function during the Empire. The freedom of political
expression enjoyed is evident in the organization of dissident parties under whose
pressure the parties in power were forced to adopt reformist programmes. As a result
the last two decades of the Empire witnessed a gradual liberalization of the political process. By contrast the Federal system instituted after 1889 further increased regional disparities. The política dos governadores resulted in a one party system. At a time of rapid economic and social transition, the political system proved incapable of absorbing new interest groups. Instead the ruling elites resorted to increasing repression and political fraud to maintain themselves in power. The political polarization of the 1920s inevitably resulted in a bloody civil war and a revolution which initiated a new phase - the second Republic after 1930.
This research which has been limited to the study of Presidential elections has
raised a number of questions and suggested areas requiring further research. There are three themes relating to the period as a whole.
The thesis has shown how despite the inbuilt powers of the Presidency the
interests of the dominant states were assured because of their power in Congress and
their ability to prevent interventions. However their willingness to risk political
instability and military intervention to acquire the Presidency suggests that Presidents used their position largely to benefit their native states. Research into the allocation of Federal resources to the states by different Presidents is required to test this hypothesis.
This study has dealt with election manifestos in some detail. However it has
not been possible, without broadening its scope, to examine how far these manifestos
were put into effect. An examination of the administrative achievements of the
Presidents is required. In particular it would be interesting to look at what changes were brought about after 1906 as a result of the mineiros' differing conception of the role of the government.
This thesis has shown how incumbent Presidents manipulated the política dos
governadores in connection with Presidential elections. However it is necessary to
carry out case studies of interventions more generally for a better understanding of the relationship between Federal governments and the states.
More specific questions have also been raised by individual elections. Little
for example is known of the changes in power structure within the majority of states
in the first decade of the Republic, but these internal conflicts largely explain the rifts at national level. The schism in the paulista Republican Party over the issue of coffee valorization suggests that the Party also represented other interests which depended on orthodox monetary policies. The salvacões movement, its strength within the armed forces, the manner in which it was operated and its effect still remain to be researched.
Finally, there are two areas of regional rivalry which affected national politics
requiring attention: the attempt of Pernambuco and other northern states to combat the political dominance of the centre- south particularly between 1880 and 1910; the
reasons for the growing animosity between Minas and São Paulo after 1910.